Naushad badshah bhai

Name :Naushad badshah.

About algae by Badshah Javed

                           ALGAE.

The branch of botany which deals with the study of algae is called "phycology" (phycos =sea,logos =discourse ).

Algae are chlorophyll bearing, simple, thalloid, auto trophic and largely aquatic organisms.
They generally found in fresh water as well as marine water, on trees, stones, mud or soil and all types of water reservoirs. The algae may be terrestrial or aquatic.

                  FRESH WATER ALGAE.

Oedogonium, Chara, Chlamydomonas and volvox etc.which are found in fresh water and called fresh water algae.

                    MARINE WATER ALGAE.

Ectocarpus, Sargassum and polysyphonia etc. Which are found in marine water and called marine water algae.
     
                    TYPES OF ALGAE .

The algae are divided into three major classes : Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae.

                     CHLOROPHYCEAE.

The members of Chlorophyceae are commonly called as green algae. They generally found in fresh water. The Chlorophycean algae contains Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids -xanthophylls and carotenes which are localised in definite chloroplasts. The chloroplasts may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, ribbon shaped  in different species. Most of the members have one or more storage bodies which are called pyrenoids and located in the chloroplasts. Pyrenoids contain protein besides starch. The Chlorophycean algae have a rigid cell wall which is made of an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose. Some commonly found green algae are : Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulothrix, Spirogyra and chara.

                      PHAEOPHYCEAE.

The members of Phaeophyceae are commonly called as brown algae.They primarily found in marine habitats.The Phaeophyceaen alge contains fucoxanthin named pigment  which are responsible for Its brownish colour. The food is stored as complex carbohydrates, which may be in the form of laminarin or mannitol.The vegetative cells have a cellulosic wall which are usually covered on the outside by a gelatinous coat of algin.The plant body is usually attached to the substratum by a holdfast,and has a stalk, the stipe and leaf like photosynthetic organ -the frond.

                      RHODOPHYCEAE.

The members of Rhodophyceae are commonly called as red algae. Why they are called as red algae? Because of the predominance of the red colour pigment, r-phycoerythrin which is present in their body. The red algae primarily found in marine habitats which may be surface of water and also in a great depths of oceans where relatively little light penetrates. The red thalli of most of the red algae are multicellular. Some of them
have complex body organisation. The food is stored as floridean starch which is very similar to amylopectin and glycogen in structure.

Badshah naushad khan

Name:Badshah naushad

About photosynthesis process by Badshah Javed.

    ******Photosynthesis process******

The term ''photosynthesis" is originated from the two Greek word (photo=light, synthesis =combining.).

        Main events during photosynthesis.

1.Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters into the leaves through stomata.

2.Water from the soil is taken up by the roots and it sent to the leaves by xylem and is distributed to mesophyll cells.

3.Sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll which are present inside the chloroplast of the mesophyll cells.

4.Solar energy causes the photolysis of water.

That is. 
   
               2H2O----- 4H+  + O2 liberated  (Oxygen ).

5.Hydrogen ions from water combine with carbon dioxide and form glucose.

6.Oxygen gas is given out as a  by-product.

7.Solar energy is converted into utilisable chemical energy(ATP) which involves in the formation of glucose (Carbon dioxide ).

****** SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS ******

Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. These are mainly found in the mesophyll cells of the leaves that are located between upper and lower epidermis of the leaf. They are also present in the guard cells of stomata.
Chloroplast are disc-shaped cell organelles. They appear green due to the presence of green colour pigment chlorophyll which are responsible for the trapped light energy from the sun essential for photosynthesis process. It  is found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. 

There are two phases which are involved in photosynthesis process.

1.Light reaction or photochemical phase.

2.Dark reaction or biosynthetic phase.

                Photochemical phase.

Biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis process is completed in grana lamellae.
During this phase hydrogen ions are released by the photolysis of water and solar energy is converted into ATP. Both H+ ions and ATP are used during biosynthetic phase.

                Biosynthetic phase.

Biosynthetic phase takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts. It does not need light energy. In this process carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose with the help of hydrogen ions which are produced during the photochemical phase. In this phase the needed energy is taken from the ATP which are generated  during the photochemical  phase.

      ******THANKS FOR READ ******
                   

Written by :Mohammad Javed.

About Humans blood circulatory system by Badshah Javed.

                         HUMAN HEART.

The human heart mainly consist of four hollow chambers.
  1.Right atrium (auricle ).
  2.Left atrium  (auricle ).
  3.Right ventricle .
  4.Left ventricle.
Now we comes on the major point.

                          Right atrium.

The heart receives  deoxygenated blood in the right atrium or auricle through the two largest veins - the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava and from there it comes in the right ventricle via tricuspid valve and then the right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood and send it to the lungs for the oxygenation of blood through the pulmonary artery.

                              Left atrium.

Now the oxygenated blood is brought back into the left atrium or auricle through the four pulmonary veins and then from there it is pumped into the left ventricle from where it is pumped to all parts of the body through the dorsal aorta and its branches.

                  Role of right ventricle.

The right ventricle arises the pulmonary artery which carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs for the oxygenation.

                    Role of left ventricle

From the left ventricle arises the dorsal aorta which carries the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

                 ******THANKS ******

Written by: Mohammad Javed.

                       

About Bryophytes by Badshah Javed

                       BRYOPHYTES.

The term Bryophyte  is originated from the two Greek word (Bryo=moss. Phyta=Plant.)

Bryophyte commonly includes liverworts and mosses which generally grow in moist and shady areas of the hills. Bryophyte are also commonly called as the amphibians of the Plant Kingdom.Why they are called as the amphibians of the Plant Kingdom ?
Because they can live in soil but their sexual reproduction is dependent on water . Generally Bryophyte grow in moist and shady places.The plant body of bryophyte are more differentiated than that of algae. The Plant body is of thallus like ,prostrate and erect and they are attached to the substratum by unicellular or multicellular rhizoid. The main character of the bryophyte are that they lack true root, true stem, and true leaves. Instead of that they have true root like, stem like and leaves like structures .

                       REPRODUCTION.

The major plant body of the bryophyte are haploid. They produces gametes and hence the plant body  are called as gametophytic. The sex organ of bryophyte are generally multicellular. The male sex organ is called as antheridium. These antheridium produces biflagellate antherozoid. The female sex organ is called as archegonium which produces single egg. When the antheridium releases these biflagellate antherozoid then they are released in water and when they come in contact with archegonium they fuses the egg. After the fusion of egg, the resultant is the formation of zygote. After the production of zygote it doesn't undergo reduction division that is the process of meiosis and it produces a multicellular body which is called as sporophyte .The sporophyte are not free living, they are dependent on the photosynthetic gametophytic plant that is a main plant body for its nourishment.Some cells of the sporophyte undergoes reduction division and after meiosis some of the sporophytic cells form haploid spores. These spores germinate to form gametophyte.

         ECONOMIC IMPORTANTANCE .

As bryophyte are of little economic importance but some of the mosses provide food to certain herbaceous mammals,birds and other animals also. There is a moss which is called sphagnum is used as a fuel and also it is used for packing certain living material for transshipping etc.Some of the bryophyte are also important for plant succession. When bryophyte grows in a moist or shady place or rocks or on soil  they cover the whole area as a mat and after that they decomposes that soil or rock for the germination of new higher plants. This is the process for  plant succession etc , which is very much ecological  importance. This is all about Bryophyte.

                   ******THANKS******
               

Badshah Javed

       INTRODUCTION OF JAVED

NAME: MOHAMMAD JAVED.
VILLAGE: BABHANI.
OCCUPATION: STUDENT LIFE.
SPOUSE: AISH MOHAMMAD.
COLLEGE: SHIVPATI INTER COLLEGE SHOHRATGARH SIDDHARTHNAGAR:
PRINCIPAL NAME: NALINIKANT MANI TRIPATHI.

JAVED BHAI

Time table of inter mediate board exam

             WELCOME TO READERS.
    BOARD EXAMINATION-2017

                  TIME TABLE
SUBJECT.       DATE.         TIME
HINDI Ist.   16-march-17 2:00-5:15
HINDI IInd.   18-march-172:00-5:15

PHYSICS Ist. 21-march-17 2:00-5:15
PHYSICS IInd 23-march-17 2:00-5:15

CHEMISTRY Ist. 25-march-17 2:00-5:!;
CHEMISTRY IInd.28-march-17 2:00-5:!

BIOLOGY Ist. 30-march-17 2:00-5:15
BIOLOGY IInd.01-april-17 2:00-5;15

ENGLISH Ist. 13-april-17 2:00-5:15
ENGLISH IInd.19-april-17 2:00-5:15

UPLOADED BY:MOHAMMAD JAVED
VILLAGE:BABHANI          
COLLEGE: SHIVPATI INTER COLLEGE SHOHRATGARH SIDDHARTH NAGAR.

                      Thanks for read.

Awlad husain urf munna bhai

NAME: Awlad Husain.
VILLAGE: Pipri Maharajganj kapilvastu Nepal
OCCUPATION: Security guard of malasiya.
SPOUSE: Imdad Husain, Ahmad,munna,shamid.
FATHER IN LAW NAME: Aish Mohammad.
BROTHER IN LAW NAME:MOHAMMAD JAVED (Jamal Ahmad).
UPLOADED BY: JAVED RABBANI.
GMAIL ID: rabbanijaved4 @gmail.com

Post about aids by javed babhani

AIDS kya hai?
Aids ek vishesh prakar ke virus se utpann hone wala rog hai jisme manushya ka uparjit partirakshan tantra samapt hone lagta hai .partirakshan tantra samapt ho jaane se byakti ke sharir me ek saath kayi rog utpann hone lagte hain .parinaam swaroop byakti ke  Sharir me ek saath kayi rogon ke lakshan dikhai dene lagte hain .ek saath utpann kayi rogon ke lakshano ke samooh ko syndrome kahte hain. Atah wah syndrome Jo partirakshan tantra samapt ho jaane ke karan utpann hota hai use uparjit partiraksha apoorna syndrome (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) AIDS kahte hai.

Manushya ka partirakshan tantra(BODY IMMUNUTY).
Manushya ka partirakshan tantra lymphocytes namak koshika se banta hai .yah ek prakar ka WBCs hai.lymphocytes koshikaayen do prakar ki hoti hai T4 lymphocytes and B lymphocyte .T4 lymphocyte roganuo and partijano par sidhe akraman karke in he nasht karte hai aur hamare sharir ko vishaanu,kawak,jiwaanu and cancer se bachata hai. T4 lymphocyte ke koshika kala par ek vishesh ka grahi protein pay a jata hai isliye ise CD4 lymphocyte bhi kahtein hain.
(HISTORY OF AIDS).
San 1983 me France ke scientist monteignier and San 1984 me USA ke scientist Gallo be aids ke virus ko sarwapratham Africa me paaye jaane wale hare bandaro me dekha .is khoj ke bad adhik scientist ka manna hai ki aids ke virus ka udbhau africa se hua.is sambandh mein america ke harwards university ke scientist hawards esex ka manna hai ki aids ka virus Africa ke zere namak isthan par PAYE jaane wale hare bandaro se San 1960 mein africi manushyon mein and San 1970 me american paryatko me pahuncha Jo africa jaaya karte the.
Khoj(INVENTE).
AIDS ko sarwapratham america ke Newark sahar me hatai namak is than par ek samlaingic samoohon me paaya gaya ye log nasha ke aadi the.partirakshan tantra samapt ho jaane ke karan ye log kayi rogon se grashit the inme khaskar pneumonia and skin cancer tha jaiknaau namak naujawan is sammoh ka pratham vyakti tha jismein aids dog ke lakshan aspasht roop se dekhe gaye. Jiski mirityu julai San 1981 me newyark sahar ke saint Vincent hospital me hua.montaignierr and gallo ki help se aids ke virus ki structure banai hai.san1986 me virus namkaran ki international cometti(ICVN) me us virus ko HIV naam diya.
(STRUCTURE OF HIV).
HIV lagbhag 100 nano meter ke vyas ka kan hai  yah ek retrovirus hai arthath isle kendriya bhag me ek sootri RNA ke jinom PAYE jaate hai.
Yah virus do parmukh bhago se Millar baba hota hai Jo nimnalikhit hain.
(1). Kendriya bhag ya krod.
(2). Capsid.
(3). Lipoprotein khol.

Kendriya bhag ya krod: yah sabse bhitari bhag hai.is bhag me ek sootri RNA ke do sootra PAYE jaate hai jinse kuchh injaaim any chipke hote hain kaise partivarti transcriptase, intigrase and protease.
Capcid: yah madhya bhag hai Jo kendriya bhag ko chaaro tarag se ghere rahta hai.yah protein ka Nana hota hai .use nucleicapsid bhi kahte hain  yah do parton ka bana hota hai iska bahri part ko bahri bisfalkiya kawanch and bhitari part ko bhitari shankwakar kawanch kehtein hain.
Lipoprotein khol: yah sabse bahri parat  hai Jo jantu koshika ke koshika kala ke saman hai.yah phospholipid bilayer ke roop me note hai.inse kuchh nobs lage hotein hai Jo glycoprotein ke bane note hai.yahi ghundiya HIV ki t4 lymphocyte ke koshikkoshika kala se jodne ka kaam karti hai.
PATHOGENESIS of HIV:
Kuchh cells aise bhi hai jinki koshika kala par cd4 namak ek vishesh prakar ka grahi protein pays jaata hai .usi prakar ke cells par HIV ka sankarman hota hai because HIV sarwapratham host cell ke koshika kala par present cd4 namak grahi protein se Jud jaata hai .cd4 namak grahi  protein t4 lymphocyte ke koshika kala par paaya jaata hai .isliye HIV ki target cell t4 lymphocyte hoti hai. Sarwapratham HIV ka sabse bahri khol arthath lipoprotein khol t4 lymphocyte ke koshika kala par present cd4 namak grahi protein se chipak jaata hai .HIV ka lipoprotein khol t4 lymphocyte cell ke bahar rah jaata hai prantu HIV ka nucleovapsid ya capsid t4 lymphocyte ke koshika darabya me parvesh jar jaata hai ab  t4 lymphocyte ke koshika darabya me nucleocapsid ka hal apghatan hota hai jisse ek soitri RNA koshika darabya mein swatantra ho jaate hai .sarwapratham koshika darabya me ek soitri RNA ek soitri DNA mein badsl jaata hai and punha ek soitri DNA ka duigunan hota hai jisse ek soitri DNA DUI soitri DNA me parivartit ho jaata hai.ab ds DNA t4 lymphocyte ke kendrak me pahunch jaata hai aur uske DNA se jud jaata hai aur iska lipyantran hota hai jisse do prakar ke rna anu ka nirmaan hota hai. Jinme se ek prakar ka RNA anu jinom ka nirmaan karta hai aut diosra jinom ke Charo or PAYE jaane wale nuclei capsid ke liye protein and kuchh injaaim banata hai.is I prakar phir nuclei capsid blood me parvesh jar jaata hai. Kafi samay baad HIV shankarmit vyakti ke saliva aanshu paseene aur kendariya tantrika tantra ke seribrospinal me manusya ke veerya mahilaon ke unisharav me pahuncha.
TRANSMISSION OF HIV:
Ejk manushya se doosre manushya me HIV kaise fail sakta hai .
(1).Sexual inter course: AIDS ka virus shankarmit manushya aur istri ke  jannango me taral padartho me paya jaata hai aur sex ke dauran asani se swashth manushya ya istri shankarmit ho jaata hai.
(2).Samlangik sahvaas
HIV ki jeevan shaili...
Jab kisi manushya me HIV parvesh karta hai to uske prarambhik awastha se 3-12 mah tak koi rog ke lakshan nahi dikhai dete hain prantu 70-80% logo me partirakshan tantra shamapt ho jaane ke karan HIV ke shankarman ke 2-3 hapte baad rog ke kuchh kakshan dikhai dene lagta hai Jo kuchh samya baad samapt bhi ho jaata hai. Ab laghbhag 3-12 varsh tak koi rog ke lakshan nahi dete hai aise vyakti ko HIV shankarmit vyakti kahte hain. Lagbhag 3-12 varsh baad shankarmit manushya aids se peedit ho jaata hai is prakar HIV ke shankarman se poorna vikshit AIDS tak ke beech ke awadhi ko WINDOW PERIOD(window awadhi). Kahtein hai .